Research Paper on Polio

This papers is the short summarize on the infection Polio and how WHO and GPEI are moving in the direction of getting along the universe puerile loss of motion free. This other than remembers for the Epidemiology and History on PolioTable of Contentss Etiology of Diseases The study of disease transmission History and Time period improvement Biological/Evolution hypothetical record or political financial framework hypothetical record Clinical and Social Awareness to thwart sickness Commitment by Medical Anthropological into advancement Choice Plants CitedEtiology of DiseasesPolio infection started with Ancient Egyptian thus it was found among numerous individuals all through the universe. It is difficult to state where it started or where was it root. Anyway we can express its root are only present in 4 states by 2014 and out universe will be Polio Free universe. Reason for childish loss of motion can be distinctive that from HIV, juvenile loss of motion is caused because of use of polluted H2O and supplement. Other than the significant spread of this infection is caused as a result of the polluted stool. People groups were before extremely simple on using disturbing supplement or assimilate any H2O. Other than this infection is amazingly infectious and this scattered quickly among individuals to individuals. This infection influences the cardinal sensory system in this way doing the casualty incapacitated [ 1 ] .EpidemiologyPolio has cause many employment through the universe. Numerous children experienced significant paralysis and their life got handicapped. Specialists and Research laborers had being their work on 1930 and they concentrated on taking puerile loss of motion from the universe. They started demonstrating vaccinum and subsequently got effective. It was in 1988, the World Health Organization took and debut and embraced an assau lt to take out polio around the world. It framed a gathering called Global Polio Eradication Initiative ( GPEI ) , who was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [ 2 ] . All around each state took dynamic bit in the GPEI plan. They made awareness among individuals for the interest of the vaccinum. WHO of many part began this undertaking, by 1988 where an expected figure of casualty were 350,000 in around 215 areas is brought down to only 4 states to 406 occasions in 2013 [ 3 ] . This is incredible advancement for the life of individuals. It is accepted that 10 million individuals strolling today would hold been loss of motion if this cure was non found, alongside that the figure of kid expire would hold been 1.5 million.History and Time period developmentIt is accepted that first polio knowledge was made aware at Rutland Country, Vermont, United States of America in 1894. There was a doctor who saw paralysis among individuals. He other than noticed that puerile loss of motion could be caused without or with paralysis. He other than said â€Å"The part of contagium does non come in into the etiology either. I find however an individual case in which more than one individual from a family had the malady, and as it regularly happened in families of more than one child and as no endeavors were made at detachment, it is actually sure that it was non-contagious.† [ 4 ] â€Charles Caverly, MD, Infantile Paralysis in Vermont There were somewhere in the range of 132 examples detailed, the vast majority of them were enduring paralysis. Other than in this picture you can see a child with left leg being deadened [ 5 ] . This was result of puerile loss of motion. Other than the Doctor found in 1905 that this illness is infectious and consequently can be caused with drawing closer in contact with another person. In any case, it is other than accepted that Polio was available way before the nineteenth century. We realize that Egyptian were the first to mind on rock. People groups have discovered one stone where the individual is demonstrated paralysis on his leg [ 6 ] . Since start of nineteenth century, there has been incredible occurrence go oning and many examination laborer and doctor have inspected paralysis cases bespeaking it being come about because of juvenile loss of motion [ 7 ] . It is determined that in excess of 2000 individuals kicked the bucket in solitary New York City in 1916 in view of juvenile loss of motion. This turned into a significant worry for individuals. It is evaluated that 2.5 at least billion children have been the casualty of this ailments by 1988. Route in 1930 and A ; 1950 the work for the Vacancies had started and the doctors began doing opening which can bring around this illnesses. It is in this manner evaluated that by 2006 simply 4 states had the nearness of childish loss of motion. What's more, precise and program run are taking topographic point to make cognizance and along these lines the crucial take childish loss of motion is going to be satisfied. US of America was the primary state who was effective in disposing of puerile loss of motion infection entirely 1994 [ 8 ] .Ecological/Evolution hypothetical record or political financial framework hypothetical accountWe all know with regards to the political development, our pioneers can venture out to any stretch out so as to get the voting forms. The Tuskegee establishment was opened and established by the March of dimes during the age of 1941. The inside was initially building up for the juvenile loss of motion subsisters and government officials have played extremely enormous capacity in it. Franklin Roosevelt had established this restoration in the 1920, preceding he became president and he said without anyone else that this recovery community will simply allow Whites to individuals. Isolation at warm spring in territory of Georgia turned into a start of political concern when Roosevelt principal ran for the president for the re-appointment in the 1936. Roosevelt Franklin utili zed warm spring as his boss topographic point or you can as his own retreat place, individuals who were against him in that nation were cease with the consideration of puerile loss of motion that was given by the recovery community. Especially inkinesss were the most who were influenced by this demonstration. In any case, there were bits of gossip about the president that he was other than influenced by this ailment called the juvenile loss of motion wherein he was dependent on the medications and explicitly feeble and required hetero coat all the clasp. On the different manus President Roosevelt just needs to determine more polling forms. So as to take note of the Democratic Party, while the Republicans were guaranteeing that Democratic Party isn’t conspicuous to the inkinesss.Medical and Social Awareness to hinder malady Clinical and Science have worked genuinely hard to do this conceivable. WHO with help of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have made numerous positive races to take the puerile loss of motion. Indeed, even numerous states like India have Polio Sunday where the children are sans given vaccinum of childish loss of motion. This way teaching individuals causes them to comprehend the interest of working and fighting hard to take this infection else their life would be hard.Contribution by Medical Anthropological into developmentMedical Anthropological is cardinal thing into any examination. For juvenile loss of motion it had helped actually extraordinarily. At an opportune time in 1930, doctors had discovered the vaccinum for the sickness by the by it was non so strong, in actuality it had some reactions [ 9 ] . The best vaccinum is which has no side result to human natural structure and it accomplishes the work for the plan. Subsequently doctors began happening progressively inside informations about what is the malady and how is it scattered. So larning about universes and they examining the type of the existence way is a part of Medical Anthropology. With this they infact discovered there are three sorts of juvenile loss of motion infection. The most risky wild infection is Virus B. What's more, with this overview just they could happen the correct vaccinum for the cure of the illness. Other than the infectious illnesses nature of the malady is result of this review just. Clinical Anthropological in this way has ever significantly served to the improvement of the vaccinum and it has other than helped the logical order from multiple points of view. Without understanding the types of the existence way of individuals it extremely difficult to reason on what could hold truly caused the illness and in this way happening the solution for it.DecisionPolio was truly dangerousdiseases. Numerous individuals have endured because of this sickness. We ought to be enormously thankful to World Health Organization and their venture on GPEI, which has reducing the per centum of puerile loss of motion to 99 % . Before long it will fall in the rundown of ailment like Small Pox what happening's identity is zero in universes.Plants Cited( 1916, 6 17 ) . Recovered April 20, 2014, from New York City Polio Epidemic: hypertext move convention:/www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timetables/polio First U.S. Polio Epidemic. ( n.d. ) . Recovered April 20, 2014, from hypertext move convention:/www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timetables/polio History of juvenile loss of motion. ( n.d. ) . Recovered April 20, 2014, from hypertext move convention:/www.polioeradication.org/Polioandprevention/Historyofpolio.aspx History of Polio. ( n.d. ) . Recovered April 20, 2014, from hypertext move convention:/www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timetables/polio Poliomyelitis. ( n.d. ) . Recovered April 27, 2014, from hypertext move convention:/chealth.canoe.ca/condition_info_details.asp? disease_id=314 Poliomyelitis. ( n.d. ) . Recovered April 21, 2014, from hypertext move convention:/www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ Human sciences Research Paper on Polio †AmandeepRakkar

The Role of Geology in Influencing Water Chemistry Essay Example for Free

The Role of Geology in Influencing Water Chemistry Essay Water is and stays one of the significant needs of the individuals, creatures and the nature on the loose. Without water, they would be no life. Water is a surprising compound which has one of a kind physical properties, and this makes it the compound of life, yet it’s the most bounteous compound in the earth’s biosphere. The science ofâ waterâ deals with the central compound property and data about water. Water science can expand regarding the accompanying captions: arrangement of water, Structure, and holding, Molecular Vibration, just as geographical creation and properties of water among numerous different parts of water science (Krauskopf and Bird, 1994). Geologyâ is regularly answerable for how much waterâ filters underneath the zone of immersion, making the water table simple to gauge. Light,â porousâ rocks can hold more water than heavy,â denseâ rocks. A region underlain withâ pumice, a light and permeable stone, is bound to hold a more full spring and give a more clear estimation to a water table. The water table of a zone underlain with hardâ graniteâ orâ marble might be considerably more troublesome toâ assess (Krauskopf and Bird, 1994). Theory: surficial geography controls the science of surface waters Presentation Water quality has gotten one of the fundamental angles throughout everyday life, and it’s characterized as far as the compound, natural and physical sythesis of the geographical factor. The water nature of waterways, lakes and numerous other water source changes starting with one geological area then onto the next. This is because of contrast in the geographical piece of the spots, i.e., the stones underneath the earths surface are extraordinary and thus unique quality in water quality. Nonetheless, different variables impact water science on the planet (Drever, 1982). One of such crucial components is ‘geology’. This is the science manages the elements and physical history of the earths’, the stone that makes the earths hull, and the physical, concoction, and organic changes that the earth experiences or has experienced. As it were, geography is the science involves the investigation of unshakable Earth, theâ rocksâ of which it is made, and the procedure s by which they change. This part of science is one of imperative and major contributing element in the water science. So as to comprehend the effect of geography on the water science, this paper will investigate the ground water (Drever, 1982). Away from of the idea of the bedrock layers of the area is basic as geography is in deciding the quality and amount of ground water that can be acquired from the underground at some random area. For instance, in certain pieces of the earth, the bedrock comprises of sedimentary layers of rocks that have abundant pore spaces between mineral grains. The stone layers can frame innovatively wide springs, or conductors for groundwater development, that are of unsurprising profundities, and from which evidently uncertain amounts of great groundwater can be acquired. In such zones, groundwater is the get way out for open water needs (Frape et al, 1984). Bedrock topography helps in deciding the dispersion and thickness of underground water-bearing crevices, just as the natureâ of the dirts that are gotten from the stone enduring. Various sorts of rocks contain pretty much breaks that could conceivably be interconnected with one another. The level of interconnection among breaks, and their general capacity to move water, has a lot to do with how profitable a water well will be that crosses the cracks. Various shakes additionally make various soils when they climate, and the kind of soil impacts its capacity to retain water that falls on a superficial level, and transmit the water to bedrock breaks underneath (Cooke et al, 2012). The organization of the underground water just as the surface water is subject to common components, (geographical, land, meteorological, hydrological, and natural) in the waste bowl and changes with occasional contrasts in overflow volumes, climate conditions, and water levels. The quality is, nonetheless, influenced by both normal and human impacts. The most crucial or significance of the characteristic impacts is topographical, hydrological and climatic, since this influences both quality and amount of the water accessible. Underground water is held in the pore space of dregs, for example, sands or rock or in the crevices of cracked stone, for example, crystalline stone and limestone. The rough body containing the water is named a spring and the upper water level in the immersed body is named the water table. Ordinarily, groundwater’s have a consistent stream design. Speed is represented predominantly by the porosity and porousness of the material through which the water streams, and is regularly up to a few sets of greatness not as much as that of surface water, subsequently blending is poor (Cooke et al, 2012). The stone or dregs in a spring is meant by the porousness and porosity, whereby penetrability is the proportion of the simplicity with which liquids goes through the stones. Then again, porosity is the proportion of pores and crevice volume to the complete volume of the stone. The substance structure of the stones extraordinarily impacts the concoction organization of water. The various sorts of springs clarify this distinction in water science everywhere throughout the spots (John, 1990). Underground arrangements are three sorts, hard crystalline shakes, and merged sedimentary and unconsolidated silt. The case of hard crystalline rocks incorporates stones, gneisses, quartzite’s, schist’s, and a couple of rocks from volcanic rocks. These stones have next to zero porosity however it is additionally upgraded by enduring. For instance, ground water in volcanic developments in locales of late volcanic action is generally restrained with fluoride, and boron components, which makes it inadmissible employments. Concoction properties of the bedrock significantly impact the synthetic properties and water science. For instance, water causticity is exceptionally dictated by the float of the bedrock geography. The accompanying model looks at the impact of bedrock and soils on water corrosiveness. At the point when the bedrock establishes of carbonates, the arrangement of the minerals absorbs H+ particles and consequently acidifying water as water permeates through th e stones. CaCO3 + H+ = Ca2+ +HCO3 this outcomes to fermented water (John, 1990). Impact of Total Dissolved Solids in Groundwater A group of immersed shakes through where water can without much of a stretch move is known as a spring. Springs contain shakes, for example, sandstone, aggregate, cracked limestone and unconsolidated sand and rock which are both penetrable and permeable. Also, cracked volcanic rocks, for example columnar basalts likewise make great springs (John, 1990). Underground water tastes disparate from one spot to the next or, more than likely at various seasons for a few reasons. In investigating those reasons, the paper looks initially consider why water from one well may be unique in relation to another well, even one that is close by. What directs groundwater taste is the amount and kind of disintegrated minerals in it. At the end of the day, this isn’t unadulterated water as unadulterated water has no broken up minerals and consequently doesn't happen normally. The sum and kind of minerals that are broken up in water is the thing that gives waters their underlying taste. There are various elements that control the broke down minerals in the ground water. (I) The sort of minerals, making up the spring, (II) the substance condition of the ground water, (III), the term or timeframe which water reaches the minerals and the stones (Frape et al, 1984). As the downpour water goes through various kinds springs, it brings about an alternate substance arrangement of water. Practically all groundwater originates from precipitation that drenches into the dirt and goes down to the springs. Inside the spring, the groundwater moves not as an underground stream, but instead leaking between and around singular soil and rock particles. Water has a somewhat acidic pH; in this manner it will in general break down strong minerals in the dirt and in the springs. Sandstone, limestone and basalt all have various minerals. Hence it is balanced to expect groundwater in contact with these distinctive geologic materials to have diverse synthetic structures {factor (1) above} and in this way various tastes. Also, the length the groundwater is in contact with the minerals, the more noteworthy the degree of its response with those minerals and the higher will be the substance of broke down minerals (John, 1990). The table beneath can be utilized to outline the impact of mineral in water henceforth deciding water science. The table delineates run of the mill normal water organizations, from water to seawater, groundwater in various springs, to groundwater that has been in contact with the spring for various timeframes. Table 1.0 A B C D E F G H Ca 0.7 0.65 240 399 145 6.6 3.10 4530 Mg 1.1 0.14 7200 1340 54 1.1 0.7 162 Na 9.5 0.56 83500 10400 ~27 ~37 3.02 2730 K 0.11 4060 370 ~2 ~3 1.08 32.0 Bicarbonate 4 250 27 620 75 20 56 Sulfate 7.5 2.2 16400 186 60 15 1.0 Chloride 17 0.57 140000 19020 52 17 0.5 12600 Silica 0.3 48 3 21 103 16.4 8.5 TDS 38 4.7 254000 35000 665 221 35 20330 PH 5.4 7.5 6.6 6.2 6.5 Table 1; key Instances of the structure of common water from an assortment of areas and conditions (all focuses given in milligrams/liter). TDS = absolute broke down solids. A scramble (- ) demonstrates that the part was not recognized or the water was not examined for this constituent. A tilde (~) demonstrates that the investigation is rough just (John, 1990). Key to the Analyses: (A) Rainwater from Menlo Park, California; (B) Average water from locales in North Carolina and Virginia; (C) Great Salt Lake, Utah; (D) Average ocean

2 Most Common Luxury Hotel Grammar Errors

2 Most Common Luxury Hotel Grammar Errors In July I wrote an article about phrasal verbs in response to a card in my hotel room that referred to an option to “workout” (one word â€" improper) instead of “work out” (2 words â€" proper) in the comfort of your own room. Since then I have discovered that the Hilton Garden Inn is not the only hotel to make this error.   While considering a possible stay at the Hyatt Regency in Baltimore, I found this sentence: “For those who choose to workout in the privacy of their spacious guestroom, we offer YogaAwayTM.” The Hyatt’s advertising team made the exact same error as the Hilton’s.   Coincidence? Hotel Helter Skelter Here’s a strange thing:   Just for fun, I Googled “Hyatt workout” and discovered that the Hyatt is not consistent across its websites.   The Sarasota Hyatt Regency offers: “If you choose to work out in the privacy of your own hotel room or suite at Hyatt Regency Sarasota, we offer YogaAwayâ„¢.” Sarasota got it right! I wonder who is responsible for this mismatched spelling?   Why is Hyatt messaging not consistent between Baltimore and Sarasota?   I’ve always thought the draw of a hotel chain is the reassurance that you will get the same consistent service no matter where in the world you go.   The discrepancies on the Hyatt’s websites make me think perhaps their other amenities are not consistent either. More then [sic] words… In the meantime, I have ventured on to yet another institution of hospitality:   a Marriott resort in Palm Desert, California.   Marriott evidently cares about energy conservation and therefore put out the following request: “In an effort to conserve water and energy, would you please consider using your towel more then once.” I don’t know about you, but my grammar checker even caught this one!   The correct statement would have been: “In an effort to conserve water and energy, would you please consider using your towel more than once.” There are some other grammatical issues with this sentence, but I’ll let them be for now.   Do you see the other issue here?   If you do, please share in the comments. I recall seeing a similar message in another hotel … I’m not sure which one, but I believe the word “than” was properly used or I probably would have blogged about it. Wouldn’t it be nice if hotels could all get their grammar as straight and smooth as their bed sheets? Judging a book by its blunders? And by the way, even though this Marriott is a resort-level establishment, a level “6” which is pretty high in the Marriott pecking order, the round piece on the top of my bathroom sink drain was detached when I got to the room, and there was a stray peanut hiding under my very expensive flat screen TV.   Maybe grammar blunders really are an indication of deeper quality and performance issues? What do you think?   Have you found a hotel grammar blunder of late?   What would you suggest to these institutions that would keep them consistent and grammatically correct?   And how much do you judge a service provider based on the consistency and correctness of its message?

2 Most Common Luxury Hotel Grammar Errors

2 Most Common Luxury Hotel Grammar Errors In July I wrote an article about phrasal verbs in response to a card in my hotel room that referred to an option to “workout” (one word â€" improper) instead of “work out” (2 words â€" proper) in the comfort of your own room. Since then I have discovered that the Hilton Garden Inn is not the only hotel to make this error.   While considering a possible stay at the Hyatt Regency in Baltimore, I found this sentence: “For those who choose to workout in the privacy of their spacious guestroom, we offer YogaAwayTM.” The Hyatt’s advertising team made the exact same error as the Hilton’s.   Coincidence? Hotel Helter Skelter Here’s a strange thing:   Just for fun, I Googled “Hyatt workout” and discovered that the Hyatt is not consistent across its websites.   The Sarasota Hyatt Regency offers: “If you choose to work out in the privacy of your own hotel room or suite at Hyatt Regency Sarasota, we offer YogaAwayâ„¢.” Sarasota got it right! I wonder who is responsible for this mismatched spelling?   Why is Hyatt messaging not consistent between Baltimore and Sarasota?   I’ve always thought the draw of a hotel chain is the reassurance that you will get the same consistent service no matter where in the world you go.   The discrepancies on the Hyatt’s websites make me think perhaps their other amenities are not consistent either. More then [sic] words… In the meantime, I have ventured on to yet another institution of hospitality:   a Marriott resort in Palm Desert, California.   Marriott evidently cares about energy conservation and therefore put out the following request: “In an effort to conserve water and energy, would you please consider using your towel more then once.” I don’t know about you, but my grammar checker even caught this one!   The correct statement would have been: “In an effort to conserve water and energy, would you please consider using your towel more than once.” There are some other grammatical issues with this sentence, but I’ll let them be for now.   Do you see the other issue here?   If you do, please share in the comments. I recall seeing a similar message in another hotel … I’m not sure which one, but I believe the word “than” was properly used or I probably would have blogged about it. Wouldn’t it be nice if hotels could all get their grammar as straight and smooth as their bed sheets? Judging a book by its blunders? And by the way, even though this Marriott is a resort-level establishment, a level “6” which is pretty high in the Marriott pecking order, the round piece on the top of my bathroom sink drain was detached when I got to the room, and there was a stray peanut hiding under my very expensive flat screen TV.   Maybe grammar blunders really are an indication of deeper quality and performance issues? What do you think?   Have you found a hotel grammar blunder of late?   What would you suggest to these institutions that would keep them consistent and grammatically correct?   And how much do you judge a service provider based on the consistency and correctness of its message?

University of North Texas Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

The University of North Texas is a public research university  with an acceptance rate of 71%. Located in Denton, Texas, the University of North Texas offers 230 degree programs through 14 colleges and schools. High achieving students might consider the universitys Honors College. The College of Business is particularly popular among undergraduates, and the university is well regarded for its music and arts programs. In athletics, the North Texas Mean Green competes in the NCAA Division I Conference USA. Considering applying to the University of North Texas? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of North Texas had an acceptance rate of 71%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 71 students were admitted, making UNTs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 20,006 Percent Admitted 71% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 34% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of North Texas requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 68% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 540 640 Math 520 620 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of North Texas admitted students fall within the  top 35% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UNT scored between 540 and 640, while 25% scored below 540 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 520 and 620, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 620. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1260 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of North Texas. Requirements The University of North Texas does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that UNT requires applicants to submit all SAT scores; the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of North Texas requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 32% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 26 Math 19 26 Composite 21 26 This admissions data tells us that most of the University of North Texas admitted students fall within the  top 42% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UNT received a composite ACT score between 21 and 26, while 25% scored above 26 and 25% scored below 21. Requirements The University of North Texas does not require the ACT writing section. Note that UNT requires applicants to submit all ACT scores; the admissions office will consider your highest individual scores across all ACT test dates. GPA The University of North Texas does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. However, in 2018, 50% of incoming UNT students ranked in the top 25% of their high school class. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of North Texas Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of North Texas. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of North Texas, which accepts fewer than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process.  If your class rank and SAT/ACT scores fall within the schools minimum requirements, you have a strong chance of being admitted. Students who rank in the top 10% of their class and apply by the priority deadline will be admitted automatically to UNT. Those who rank in the top 15% of their class and have a minimum SAT score of 1030 or an ACT composite score of 20 or above will also be guaranteed admission. Applicants with a lower class rank and higher SAT/ACT scores can also receive automatic admission to UNT. Students who do not qualify for guaranteed admission will have their applications reviewed by an admissions counselor who will make suggestions to improve the applicants chances for admission. In the graph above, the green and blue data points represent students admitted to the University of North Texas. The majority of successful applicants had combined SAT scores (ERWM) of 900 or higher, an ACT composite score of 17 or higher, and a high school average of a B- or better. Your chances will be better with grades and test scores above these lower ranges, and a significant percentage of successful applicants had grades in the A range. If You Like the University of North Texas, You May Also Like These Schools Texas TechUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of HoustonTexas AMTexas Christian UniversityBaylor UniversitySouthern Methodist University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of North Texas Undergraduate Admissions Office. University of North Texas Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores The University of North Texas is a public research university  with an acceptance rate of 71%. Located in Denton, Texas, the University of North Texas offers 230 degree programs through 14 colleges and schools. High achieving students might consider the universitys Honors College. The College of Business is particularly popular among undergraduates, and the university is well regarded for its music and arts programs. In athletics, the North Texas Mean Green competes in the NCAA Division I Conference USA. Considering applying to the University of North Texas? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of North Texas had an acceptance rate of 71%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 71 students were admitted, making UNTs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 20,006 Percent Admitted 71% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 34% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of North Texas requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 68% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 540 640 Math 520 620 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of North Texas admitted students fall within the  top 35% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UNT scored between 540 and 640, while 25% scored below 540 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 520 and 620, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 620. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1260 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of North Texas. Requirements The University of North Texas does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that UNT requires applicants to submit all SAT scores; the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of North Texas requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 32% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 26 Math 19 26 Composite 21 26 This admissions data tells us that most of the University of North Texas admitted students fall within the  top 42% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UNT received a composite ACT score between 21 and 26, while 25% scored above 26 and 25% scored below 21. Requirements The University of North Texas does not require the ACT writing section. Note that UNT requires applicants to submit all ACT scores; the admissions office will consider your highest individual scores across all ACT test dates. GPA The University of North Texas does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. However, in 2018, 50% of incoming UNT students ranked in the top 25% of their high school class. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of North Texas Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of North Texas. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of North Texas, which accepts fewer than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process.  If your class rank and SAT/ACT scores fall within the schools minimum requirements, you have a strong chance of being admitted. Students who rank in the top 10% of their class and apply by the priority deadline will be admitted automatically to UNT. Those who rank in the top 15% of their class and have a minimum SAT score of 1030 or an ACT composite score of 20 or above will also be guaranteed admission. Applicants with a lower class rank and higher SAT/ACT scores can also receive automatic admission to UNT. Students who do not qualify for guaranteed admission will have their applications reviewed by an admissions counselor who will make suggestions to improve the applicants chances for admission. In the graph above, the green and blue data points represent students admitted to the University of North Texas. The majority of successful applicants had combined SAT scores (ERWM) of 900 or higher, an ACT composite score of 17 or higher, and a high school average of a B- or better. Your chances will be better with grades and test scores above these lower ranges, and a significant percentage of successful applicants had grades in the A range. If You Like the University of North Texas, You May Also Like These Schools Texas TechUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of HoustonTexas AMTexas Christian UniversityBaylor UniversitySouthern Methodist University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of North Texas Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Elephants Sub Sahara Africa - 1719 Words

Jonty Chimbera INQ 270 Elephants in Sub Sahara Africa Poaching, which transcends beyond the loss of a specific animal has led to negative effects economically, politically and socially. It has greatly affected Africa, and the biodiversity of its animals. Elephants continue to still travel around Africa in large herds but they remain vulnerable to habitat loss, poaching and the interaction between humans and wildlife. Scientific Description The African elephant is part of the Big Five group of animal species that include the rhino, leopard, lion and the buffalo. They are the largest land animals on land reaching the size of 8 meters long and 8 tones in weight. The elephant’s trunk is used to communicate and to hold food and other things. They differ from the Asian elephants in the sense that the African elephant’s trunks are extended meaning they are longer than the Asian elephant which has one extension making it shorter. Elephants love water and they show their love by spraying themselves and use their trunks to shower. The trunk is also used for â€Å"smelling, breathing, trumpeting, drinking, and also for grabbing things—especially a potential meal† (National Geographic). The trunk is a very special part of the body where it has over 50, 000 muscles. There are two different types of elephant species in Africa, the (Loxodonta Africana Africana) which is found in the savannah and also lives in the woodlands and the grassy plains theShow MoreRelatedWhy Were Many African Civilizations Prosperous?1422 Words   |  6 Pagesprosperous? Why between the Mediterranean and the Sahara? 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Heritage and Identity in Pat Barkers Regeneration

The presence of Jews in England has been a source of controversy for many reasons. On page 35 of Pat Barkers historical novel Regeneration, Siegfried Sassoon reveals the nature of his relationship with his father, who left home when he was five, and gives an account of his Jewish history. Though he hadnt been raised Jewish and apparently had no association with his Jewish relatives, Sassoon was subjected to the discrimination that was often seen in England before and during WWI. Through Sassoons Jewish heritage and the other characters relation to the past, Barker exposes the need of mankind to identify with the past in order to come to terms with the present. There is much history concerning the Jewish people and their presence in†¦show more content†¦On page 247, Major Huntley, when asked if he knew of a reason for keeping Sassoon in Craiglockhart, responded with Spanish Jews . . . Fathers side. Spanish Jews, indicating that his father being Jewish was reason enough to doubt Sassoons integrity. However, he quickly reveals that Sassoons Mother was a Thorneycroft, dismissing his Jewish roots as giving him Hybrid vigour when combined with the English blood of his maternal ancestors. Major Huntleys view shows that even though he is quick to disregard Sassoons unfavorable Jewish roots considering his more nationally appealing qualities, it may have been reason enough to consider Sassoon unfit for service. In the novel, Sassoon is one of many men and women who are struggling to resolve an inner conflict between their past and present selves, a conflict revealed by their war experience. Coming to terms with the present means facing the past for many of the characters, including Dr. Rivers, who begins to struggle with his own identity while working with the soldiers at Craiglockhart. Eventually the doubt and the strain of his position cause Rivers to have a breakdown and he is ordered to take three weeks leave (139 -140) which he spends at his brothers chicken farm (149 -156). While visiting his brother, Rivers recalls certain moments of his childhood and ponders his relationship

Marketing Plan for New HP Product Geared toward Travelers free essay sample

A MARKETING PLAN IS THE FOUNDATION FOR ALL MARKETING EFFORTS MARKETING STRATEGY Mission HP’s business is defined as the entire world’s leader and innovator in providing top of the line electronics, such as digital cameras and printers, as well as providing the top I. T. services any company has to offer. HP continually makes advances in their products to stay the leader in each of the 8 industries and sub-industries it competes in. HP ensures the highest level of service and technology to ensure each person taking timeless shots, or huge firms relying on their I. T. outsourcing to stay profitable can do so with the full confidence of HP’s name. Its mission is to revolutionize the daily activities of the traveling business person by offering all of the amenities of his or her office in one easy to carry laptop case. Our business creates a new market for business travelers by allowing them to carry their â€Å"office† with them wherever he or she may travel to, without needing to return to the office for printing contracts, receipts, invoices, or completing transactions. Our fundamental goals are to ensure that every businessman and woman, specifically traveling business people, have the ability to bring their office with them under their shoulder and be able to conduct business anywhere using the Portable Business Desk All-In-One. Leaving one’s primary office on a three day business trip, in essence, has no setbacks from being on the road. Showing presentations, reviewing contracts, editing contracts, printing receipts, reviewing a website with a customer that is not yet â€Å"sold†, and being able to complete any and all transactions at practically any location using the â€Å"Portable Business Desk All-In-One† will make conducting business on the road just as efficient as sitting in one’s office. That is our value proposition. Objectives ? Execute product rollout ensuring the greatest product awareness amongst business travelers possible, while grasping its overall utility for the target segment. Ensure HP’s name is consistently behind the new product in all forms of marketing and advertisements to position itself as the market creator, innovator, and to warrant further understanding and ultimately purchase the Portable Business Desk All-In-One. ? Mail and/or email monthly newsletters containing â€Å"how-to† videos, tips, tricks and advice for using the product to current owners, thus keeping customer loyalty should a competitor enter the market. ? The entire portable office market share for business travelers will be loyal to HP and have 100% market share (among competitors), as HP has the only product in its market. Total market share among this demographic is to approach 38% by the first year – about 5. 5 million of the 21 million business travelers. Target Markets ? HP will divide the target market into two sections, described below. U. S. business travelers total about 21 million and take over 405 million business trips, domestically, per year that are 50 miles are greater. Most are male and age 30 -49. ? Focus on two segments of the 21 million. Target the 53% of these travelers that are classified as professional, managerial or technical. A 3% market penetration in year one and a 7. % penetration goal in three years is expected. ? Target the 28% of the business travelers that are in sales or service work. 10% market penetration is expected in the first year with an 25% penetration goal in three years. This group’s overall utility for the PBD will be greater due to its ability to complete a sales transaction right there with the client regardless of your location. ? Segmentation variables of focus are: Sex: Male Age: 30-49 Occupation: Professional, Managerial, Technical, or Sales/Service Fields Income: Greater than $45,000 Education: High School Diploma or Equivalent Psychographic: Computer Literate and Owning a Laptop is Preferable Generation: Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Y Social Class: Working, Upper Middle, and Upper Class ? The personal vehicle is the dominant travel mode for business travel, comprising 81% of all trips. The typical business traveler is likely to be male; work in a professional, managerial, or technical position; be 30 to 49 years old; and have an income well above the population average. ose who consider their occupation to be professional, managerial, or technical account for over half (53%) of all business trips. This occupational category represents only about 40% of the general population. Sales or service workers account for the next largest share of business trips, 28%. On the other hand, clerical/administrative workers account for less than 4% of business trips even though they represent almost 12% of the population Those who consider their occupation to be professional , managerial, or technical account for over half (53%) of all business trips. This occupational category represents only about 40% of the general population. Sales or service workers account for the next largest share of business trips, 28%. On the other hand, clerical/administrative workers account for less than 4% of business trips even though they represent almost 12% of the population. ? About 55% of all business trips are made by individuals aged 30 to 49. Those in their thirties take 28% of the trips while comprising 16% of the population. Those in their forties take 27% of the trips while comprising 15% of the population. The percentage of trips represented by those in their fifties drops markedly, with only 18% of business trips represented by this age group. Overall, this age group accounts for about 11% of the population. The youngest and oldest groups of adult business travelers, 18 to 29 and 60+ years old, represent about 16% and 10% of business trips, respectively. 3. 0 MARKETING STRATEGY (continued) Positioning The â€Å"Portable Business Desk All-In-One, or PBDA, will position itself as the market innovator and continued leader in the newly created portable office industry. This will be achieved primarily by its rollout of the PBDA which provides the features necessary to have the feel and business features of a real business office. HP is a near perfect parent company to introduce and position a product to be and stay the industry’s leader. The PBDA will allow the business traveler to no longer use his or her entire car and trunk to carry around the many pieces of office equipment (Ex: Computer/Laptop, printer, scanner, fax, monitor, mouse, paper, pens, staplers, actual internet service etc. all within a single should carried laptop case that assembles into a desk with features and compartments to hold each of the above items and much more. In addition, the business traveler may now fly without the worry of checking bags and/or losing equipment, as the PBD is a standard personal item along with a carry-on of business attire and other items normally brought on a business trip. So, those that used to drive from Miami to New York may now fly with t he luxury of virtually bringing their entire office with them. Their office desk, in essence, may be assembled at any time in 90 seconds in any atmosphere including a client’s home, office, Starbucks, library, or even a park or other location a businessperson would never be able to conduct business. PBDA is a one of kind product. It will be creating the portable office market. Currently the only â€Å"competitors† are those that sell small stands that fold up to allow a laptop to sit on top and a keyboard and mouse to sit under. They do not provide the laptop case-like carrying shoulder bag, nor the features to hold the printer/scanner/fax, paper, pens and all other office essentials. HP understands there will be competitors popping up shortly after the launch of the product The most distinguishing feature the PBDA has, by far, is its ability to be placed on a flat service and within 90 seconds, be assembled, and have all of the working parts of an office right there in a compact neat business desk that, by itself, will create a sense of business savvy and confidence to the group being presented to or the client that needs to be obtained. So, its distinctiveness is the most distinguishing feature using the desirability criteria. Marketing Mix Product The most important difference in this product is the fact that there is no product that remotely resembles or provides the target segment with the features that the PBDA delivers. Its core feature is its ability to carry one’s â€Å"office† under his or shoulder while traveling and set that office up in such a short time. No product delivers what the PBDA does. Besides the PBDA’s ability to assemble into an office in such a short time, it helps create the first impression of the business traveler when meeting his clients, partners, or prospective alliance. With no product of its kind in existence, a quick assemble will create the â€Å"first-impression† that so many businesspeople spends hundreds of hours rehearsing to ensure the sale, perfect presentation, and to ensure the company that the business traveler is representing will be looked at as efficient and technologically savvy before the meeting even begins. As stated, the PBD will benefit the target market by allowing them to bring the efficiency of being in the home office anywhere to give presentations, sell a client, and represent his or her firm in the best way possible. The benefits include the target segment to access the internet, conduct normal business normally done in an office in a non-traditional atmosphere, and most of all – to be able to pitch the client, edit specific contracts, print them, have them signed, and fax them to the home office to be able to â€Å"close† the deal on the first meeting without needing a second visit. This is often the most sought after result of a sales appointment. Price The price will be set by understanding the demand of the target segment through surveys and focus groups. Estimating the demand curve by using the findings that: The PBDA is extremely distinctive, with no substitutes, thus not allowing a comparison of any other products. Its value proposition of creating a total solution for the business traveler allows HP to price the PBDA with high margins. Its worth and ability to create more income for the target market allows for a greater price, although market penetration is its first goal. Its price will be set with the understanding of the very quick ROI the individual consumer will see after implementing its use into his or her meetings, sales appointments and presentations. This is part of the advertising campaign. Once the prospective consumer is aware that his or her (Ex: Obtaining a new account for a firm providing retirement plans for medium sized businesses) business appointments or sales calls will have a dramatic increase in success, then their perceived value of the PBDA will increase, thus allowing for a higher price point for the product. This will prove that the product expenditure is not only minute, considering the buyer’s total income – it is one of the few expenses that will increase the buyer’s total income in a very short time frame. The first year’s pricing objective will be to maximum market share. Market-skimming will be used, but only in the sense that the price is higher because of the lack of competition for the first year. This is to ensure that the newly created market will be penetrated almost immediately. With new features to be launched quarterly as add-ons, and a second generation product to launch upon a competitor’s entry, HP will be aligned to drop the price of the original PBDA, while keeping the next generation PBDA-2. 0 to use the market-skimming objective. This is only to be executed when the market conditions are just right: Strong penetration with the first model, first large competitor entering the market, and feature add-ons have already been launched during the first year. Low price and product loyalty will combat a future competitor that will have heavy barriers of entry due to HP’s low price and continual feature upgrades that cost only a few dollars. These upgrades will be ready to be released to combat new industry entries without the need for the next model. The costs will be a combination of a fixed cost of $4,550,000 which is primarily to adapt the current assembly lines in one or more of HP’s manufacturing plants. The variable cost per PBD is $52. 00. Not using leather was important in keeping the overall price down. This price also includes a few â€Å"upgrades† including a USB hub to connect multiple devices. The price for the PBDA will be set at $104. 50 which includes over $200. 00 in mail-in-rebates for products made by HP such as laptops, keyboards, mice, all-in-one printer – all of which are used in conjunction with the PBDA. The price is fully adaptable in that there is already a significant margin built into the price and the original price is targeted to the middle-upper level income business travelers. Once market penetration is reached in the higher income bracket or a competitor comes out with a cheaper product, the PBDA-2. 0 will be introduced at the same price or slightly higher and the original PBDA will drop to a level low enough to push the competitor away from obtaining any market penetration. Place The â€Å"Portable Business Desk – All-in-One† will be distributed to retail stores via standard distribution channels, as well as to corporations as a tool for their employees. Although HP is sold globally, it will primarily focus on penetrating the U. S. market. However, it will be distributing to mass retail stores like Best Buy which are in many countries. The solution this product creates in its value proposition will be marketed in the areas its target market will be traveling and spending most of his or her time. Pull marketing will be used for a multitude of reasons. First, HP has a great brand name and already has many loyal consumers. Next, its advertising channels only need to be adjusted to add this product to their many products in many industries. Airports, airport magazines, commercials on CNBC and primetime are already places where HP markets. The Internet will be heavily used to target business travelers and current HP users. A large demand will be created with little added costs to HP’s current advertising budget. Exclusive distribution with only a few retail outlets will be used. HP’s quality must be maintained and stores like Best Buy help this perception. K-Mart, Target, and other like stores will not be used. This allows for a strict pricing policy, sale conditions including warranties, and mutual services are issues that will be easily contained using this type of channel. The Internet will be used to market to each registered HP user. Whether it be HP printer owners, cameras, laptops, PC’s, or any consumer that receives information on HP’s products and services will be directly marketed to. In addition, commercials and other marketing media will direct the consumer to HP’s website to learn more about the product. Here, the prospective consumer will see a video on the assembly and disassembly of the product, its ease of use getting through airports, and be able to swing the â€Å"on the fence† buyers. HP will not be using any wholesaling. There is a need to have a tight distribution channel to ensure pricing, advertising, warranties, and to limit liability of smaller retailers hurting the quality name of the HP brand and the PBDA. In addition, the product must only be sold in stores that allow it the ample space needed to see its true functionality. Also, the sales staff at the few retailers need to be educated on the use of the product. Promotion The primary advertising objective is informative advertising. This is because the consumer has already likely been an or is an owner of a current HP product and the non-existence of the PDMA market makes the product more difficult to explain. It must not be confused with a carrying case that opens up to a stand for a laptop. Knowledge of the product itself, how it works, how it helps the target market and how it increases the income of the target market are all extensive needs of the promotion aspect of this products marketing plan. By explaining how the product can and will increase a person’s ability to make a sale or perfect a presentation, HP will also be using persuasive advertising. The primary message to express to the target market is that the PDMA will make the life of the business traveler much easier and even turn business trips into quasi-vacations. The secondary message is that this new product will increase productivity, therefore increasing the income of the consumer using this product. In a poor job and economic climate this message will have more reaction than it normally would. It allows its user to increase his or her income by increasing one’s ability to make a sale or presentation. The primary vehicles will be magazines on airplanes, affiliate commercial advertising with the major car rental companies, airlines, hotels and the Internet. Tie-in promotions will be able to link the target market to the product by using companies like Hilton, Hertz, and Continental Airlines. As previously stated, the promotion will be done in the places where the business traveler is likely to be or pass their time during and after business hours. It is very important to measure the response from each type of media to be able to make quick changes in the pool if advertising avenues. The sales-effect research will be the primary measure to evaluate the results of each type of advertising. Marketing Research The primary objective of the research will be the level of explanation needed in each type of media advertising that will create enough understanding to he consumer that causes he or she to purchase the product. Will a 30 second segment showing a woman taking only the PDMA over her shoulder to the airport, arriving at a business office, assembling the product, showing the group she is presenting to in awe, and her being applauded upon returning to her office successful be enough to inform someone on the features and benefits of the product? How many words and pictures are needed in a print ad to adequately explain the product to cause the consumer to purchase the product? Focus groups will be able to answer these questions. The audience will be very specific in that the groups will be comprised of people that travel at least 6 times per year for businesses. These groups will be able to test the ads in magazines, commercials, emails, and HP catalogs. This will explain how to convey the message of what the product is, how it is used, and its benefits. In addition, experimental research will be used in a few select Best Buy stores across the nation. This research will only be done shortly before the launch, as HP does not want to tip off potential competitors that may enter the market. The sales staff will be educated on the product and different types of floor space, shelf space, and even a â€Å"live-person† that stands behind a desk with the PBDA to show its assembly, disassembly, and answer questions to regular best buy shoppers. Another experimental research would be to place a full page ad in some of the in-flight magazines. There would be a web address and phone number to purchase the product. This, too, must only be done shortly before the product launch. Every month, there should be newsletters emailed to each buyer of the PBDA. This will include tips on how to use the product, sales tips, how to save on travel etc.. However, the primary objective of this newsletter will be for the consumer that has already purchased the product to take a survey on how he or she likes the product and to rate possible feature add-ons and to gather research for the next model. This will also help keep competitors from gaining market share by knowing exactly what the consumer wants or needs that the PBDA does not provide. FINANCIALS Break-even Analysis The sales for the first year are estimated to be 922,000 million units sold with an average price of $104. 50. This estimate was found by adding the market penetration percentage estimate for the business traveler professionals and salespeople. This equates to total revenue of just over $96,000,000 in the first four quarters. As stated above, fixed costs are estimated to be $4,500,000 with a per unit variable cost of $52. 00. The contribution margin is the total revenue for year one minus the variable expenses for year one. See below to illustrate these figures. | |Sales, Expenses, and Income | | |   |Sales (922,000) |$96,349,000 |$104. 0 | |Less |Variable Expenses |$47,944,000 |$52. 00 | |   |Contribution Margin |$48,405,000 |$52. 50 | |Less |Fixed Costs |$4,500,000 |   | |   |Income Before Taxes |$43,905,000 |   | The break-even point for total number of units sold and total revenue is depicted below. The break-even point is reached very quickly. The specific estimate is for the break-even point to be reached shortly after the first month, assuming equal monthly sales. The center vertical axis is the break-even point and any number of units less than 85,714 is a net loss. The break-even number of units is 85,714 with break-even revenue of $8,957,143. The break-even number of units is calculated by dividing the fixed costs by the contribution margin. The break-even dollar amount is calculated by multiplying the average sales price per unit times the break-even unit figure. Sales Forecast: lst year by month; 2nd and 3rd years by quarter Jan |Feb |Mar |April |May |June |July |Aug |Sept |Oct |Nov |Dec | |Units |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 |76833 | |Sales in |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Millions |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 |$7. 875 | | |Year 2 |1st Q |2nd Q |3rd Q |4th Q | |Year 3 |1st Q |2nd Q |3rd Q |4th Q | |Units |1. 15Mil |288k |288k |288k |288k | |2. 3Mil |575k |575k |575k |575k | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Sales $ |118Mil |29Mil |29Mil |29Mil |29Mil | |236Mil |58Mil |58Mil |58Mil |58Mil | | Important Risks to Consider All figures are assuming that no competitors are in the market. Any company at any time could potentially unveil a competing product during the sales year or even prior to HP’s rollout. †¢ The initial sales forecasts are based on estimates and market penetration may be considerably less or more, thus significantly changing these figures. †¢ The variable cost per unit is based on estimates and the price of raw materials may fluctuate, thus changing the figures. †¢ The fixed costs are estimates based on making changes to assembly lines in two manufacturing plants that are working at less than 20% capacity. These plants may reach its capacity in a shorter amount of time. If this occurs than an additional plant and assembly line must be used and the fixed costs will increase significantly. †¢ Figures assume that major retail outlets will allow ample floor space, product education to staff, and shared air-time. †¢ There is always an economic risk inherent. The PBDA could be considered wasteful spending if there were further economic downturns. †¢ HP’s initial research is inconsistent with real market attitude and consumer decision making in purchasing the product. Although market penetration figures are considered conservative, consumer demand could always be less than original estimates. Important Components of Sales Performance †¢ Each of two or three retail centers must comply with education and training for the selling of the PBDA. †¢ Each retail center must comply with giving ample floor and shelf space †¢ HP must have the feature add-ons ready to unveil should monthly sales begin to decrease and the PBDA-2. 0 must be ready to rollout should a competitor emerge. †¢ Internal corporate sales team must meet and exceed all sales goals. Using current HP corporate clients to promote this product to is essential for corporate sales. †¢ Should Internet sales be less than expected, a telemarketing sales force must be ready to follow-up with all prospective buyers that are current HP consumers or those that have responded to advertising and not purchased. CONTROLS Revenues will be tightly monitored because of the few distribution channels. Daily inventory reports from the large retailers and internal sales reports from the corporate sales team will be compiled into weekly reports. The retailers will use an automated inventory tracking system that emails its figures to HP. HP will then compile the retailer reports with the total sales reports. These reports will divide the revenues by: Retailer, Internet Source Code, and Corporate SIC Codes. Every three months these reports will be compiled to complete revenues generated from the PBDA segment to be included in HP’s Quarterly Reports. There will also be a compilation summary and report in HP’s 10k Annual Report. Expenses will be monitored by compiling all costs associated with each type of advertising on a monthly basis. The fixed costs will be closely monitored at the plant level to ensure little to no fluctuations. The operations manager for each plant will compile all costs associated with manufacturing and distribution and submit costs on a monthly basis. Every three months these reports will be compiled to add to the quarterly financial reports required by the SEC. The quarterlies will then be compiled to complete the 10k Annual Report. How will you monitor expenses/revenue? Identify what methods/reports and how often? Marketing effectiveness will be assessed in a very simple manner. There will be bi-weekly goals for each distribution channel. Should the sales in a given distribution channel not meet the goals, then it must be reassessed. Changes will occur, new procedures will be implemented and, if needed, goal metrics will be adjusted accordingly. Environmental market changes will be the simplest metric to monitor. Since there are no competitors, the primary assessment will be if any other firms are planning to unveil a competing product. Otherwise, HP already has economic consultants in place to assess the economic conditions that may or may not affect the sales of the PBDA. Marketing Organization It is HP’s long used policy to outsource certain services when management feels it is beneficial. Since HP has had many successful product rollouts in many industries, there is a multitude of project managers and marketing directors that are qualified to execute this marketing plan. There will be a group of the top 6 project managers and/or marketing directors that will, in essence, each â€Å"interview† for this position. It is important to see who can review this marketing plan and critique its positives, negatives, and ive constructive feedback on exactly how to make this brand extension have a greater possibility of success. Mark Hurd, the CEO, of HP will personally sit with each of the top six to review their reports on this plan and assess his or her ability to execute this plan and be able to make quick decisions when changes are needed. The logistics will be delegated by a newly appointed operations manager. In addition, Mr. Hurd will also need to appoint a new marketing director. Since this is a new industry and a completely new product, there is no single person that can automatically take any specific role. Careful choices must be made for an overall project manager, marketing director, and operations manager to execute the PBDA brand extension marketing plan. Contingency Planning The vast majority of the risks were explained in the sales forecast section. However, there are a few that are important to reconsider and to identify mutations of certain risks: †¢ A competitor enters the market very early in the execution of this plan. †¢ Multiple competitors enter the market and it becomes difficult to differentiate from the competition. Competition offers lower prices and/or more value. Gas prices increase precipitously and business travel is cut by greater than 50%. Businesses move to use software, such as GoToMeeting to fulfill the lack of face to face business. †¢ There is a massive economic downturn, greater than the recent mild depression and demand decreases rapidly. †¢ The demand is grossly overestimated and the product is simply not moving. Conversely, demand is significantly greater and HP cannot keep up with demand. †¢ There is a product defect after hundreds of thousands or millions of units have been sold. Risks will be monitored in many ways. The project manager will delegate the duty of monitoring possible competitors entering the market to one of his managers within the new team. HP’s economic advisors will report to the project manager enabling he or she to make decisions on the changing economic climate. The operations manager will closely monitor all reports on a weekly basis for any presumed risks or risks not thought of. Customer surveys will be reviewed and data will be compiled to watch for any pattern of concerns voiced by the consumer. Adaptation to any and all adversity will be handled in the most efficient manner possible. No issues will be disregarded. Any issue that arises will be discussed among management and decisions must be made immediately to ensure the greatest response to minimize negative effects on production, quality, image or any aspect of the successful deployment of the PBDA. References: http://www. ustravel. org/search/terms/number%20of%20travelers%20on%20business http://www. ustravel. org/sites/default/files/page/2009/09/ForecastSummary. pdf table

The Enchantress of Florence Review Essay Example

The Enchantress of Florence Review Paper Essay on The Enchantress of Florence At first glance, the new book of Salman Rushdies The Enchantress of Florence a historical novel. But, in spite of the voluminous list of scientific sources, it is rather far from the dry facts of the tale in the entourage of the Middle Ages at the intersection of the borders of East and West. XVI century, blond stranger comes from distant lands to the court of the great Mughal sultan Akbar of the dynasty. Hes come a long way, to tell the story of the mighty one of its origin, to hear that are worthy of a royal ears. He tells of the wanderings of a beautiful princess Chernoglazki Kara-Koz, has the power to fascinate people. During the capture of her hometown, Princess became the prey of the Shah, but, if possible, has not returned to the family, but remained with the conqueror, for which he was removed from the history of the dynasty. Nothing lasts forever, Sheikh also was defeated, and Chernoglazka moved from one winner to another. Her next lover was the leader of the Turkish Janissaries argala, former resident of Florence. Fleeing from the wrath of the Ottoman sultan, they flee to Europe and enters the service of Giuliano de Medici. Travel Kara-Koz is exactly the same path of Rushdie and heroes of the earth under her feet, Hindustan Europe America We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Among the actors: Niccolo Machiavelli, the representatives of the illustrious family of Vespucci and the Medici, approximate, and the sultans family. Akbar. Corporate identity Rushdie, turning quite freely with historical characters, he breathes life into them, gives volume and prominent character traits. One story begins in the main storyline, and then another, and all of them are connected to the overall picture, reflected, repeating, refracted, the characters to each other imaginary, fictional characters, but the power of thought is so great that the images of what he heard the story, becomes real than the surrounding reality. At the disposal of Akbars huge harem of beautiful women, but beloved wife Jodha, lives only in his fantasies, that does not prevent her to influence the sultan and the envy of competitors The central figures: the wanderer, princess, argala strangers. who have lost their roots, who left home, took a foreign culture. And this is their strength: To see the circle, it is necessary to get out of the circle. Rushdie shows that alien images of the East and the West is largely created by the mind of man, and he can also overcome differences. The book is based on the interweaving of stories, narratives and stories, the science of the past. One affects the other: from the traditions of the past comes alive, vibrant, fascinating story, because the story guest of his birth to rewrite history Dynasty The style of Florentine charmer differs from previous confession books Rushdie. there is no bias, emotional narrator, meets readers in midnight Children and Farewell sigh of the Moor. The structure has become more complex (non-linear narrative, the story-the story-the story), but at the same time has become more clear and stringent. When reading any association: The Museum of Innocence, Pamuk (again a clear, transparent text, compared with the previous authors books), My Name is Red by his (then matches a lot, the same time period, close the scene, Culture , the problem of East and West), and, oddly enough, Cranes and dwarfs Leonid Yuzefovich (again, the historical part, obsession, repetition in the narrative).

Young orphan boy Essay Example

Young orphan boy Essay Example Young orphan boy Essay Young orphan boy Essay Essay Topic: Black Boy Great Expectations is an enthralling, complex tale with a surprising twist. It is a rags to riches story for a young orphan boy, whose name is Pip. In the beginning of the novel, Pip the protagonist, has a chance meeting with Magwitch an escaped convict, still in leg irons. Pip is threatened, and shortly returns with food and a file, which pleases Magwitch. Pip has no idea of the significance that this chance meeting will have on the rest of his life. Some time later, Pip meets the wealthy, eccentric Miss Havisham and her adopted daughter, Estella. Miss Havisham is a deeply troubled individual. On her wedding day her groom fails to turn up and the wedding is cancelled. This has lead to Miss Havishams vendetta against all men, and she uses the beautiful Estella as the main tool in this quest. Despite Estellas spitefulness, Pip immediately falls in love with her. Pip learns that he has a mystery benefactor, which he assumes is Miss Havisham. With his new found wealth, Pip decides to go to London to pursue to life of a gentleman. Pip disowns and is embarrassed by his past. Many years later Magwitch appears on the scene and announces that he is the secret benefactor, which leaves Pip in a state of shock. Pip eventually reacquaints himself with his past and befriends Estella. Pip has learnt during his life that money is not everything and happiness is more important. In Great Expectations there are many themes the most important of which is power. For example, Miss Havisham seeks total power over men. Another major theme is friendships. The manner of friendships is explored and how they can change over time. Finally ambition and self improvement is a potent theme. Pip seeks to gain an education and is not satisfied in being a blacksmiths apprentice. The wealthy, barely sane Miss Havisham lives in a decaying mansion called Satis House. Firstly, Dickens describes her appearance as being withered along with her bridal dress. He also says that she looks like a waxwork and a skeleton crossed together which seems inhuman to Pip, as a young boy. Furthermore Dickens says the dress had been put on it a rounded young figure of a young woman, and that figure of which it now hung loose We can learn from these descriptions that Miss Havisham no longer cares about her figure after being jilted on the day of her wedding, as she still sits in her wedding dress. Another way Dickens represents Miss Havisham is by showing her actions. He says that she sits there each and every day corpse like. Miss Havisham also orders Pip around, for example she says Play, play, play! This would make Pip intimidated as he is just a young boy, this would also make the reader dislike Miss Havisham. Additionally, Dickens uses her interactions with others to describe her. Firstly she talks to Pip as though he is not in the room, for example she says to Estella Well! You can break his heart. This implies she wants to hurt Pip and she does not care about his feelings. Miss Havisham is a very demanding person. For example she says to Pip I have a sick fancy that I want to see some play. There, there! This implies that she has nothing good to do with her life and is extremely bored. Miss Havisham also fells sorry for herself. When she touches her heart she says Broken! Dickens writes that she says it in a boasting tone of voice which again implies that she wants the listener to feel sorry for her. After reading chapter 8 nobody will feel any sympathy towards Miss Havisham. She treats Pip with disdain when he has done nothing wrong. Miss Havisham presents herself as a disturbing character because of her clothes, speech and general rude behaviour. Miss Havisham comes across as an arrogant person. This shows through her hatred of men, and the way in which she has moulded Estella into her way of thinking. As the story progresses we come to understand just why she is so obsessed with destroying mens lives. Dickens reveals that Miss Havishsams mother died at an early age, which immediately set her on the wrong path in life. The first experience of a man betraying her came when her father secretly marries his cook. Miss Havisham is completely oblivious to this, it is only when his new wife dies that Miss Havisham is informed. Worse still that she also has a secret half brother. In Victorian times all of these matters would have been seen as unacceptable. Indeed, Mr Havisham being a wealthy, powerful businessman should not be seen marrying a mere cook. But what was to happen next to Miss Havisham would be far more damaging. In time Miss Havisham falls in love with a less than kindly gentleman. In fact it is said that she idolised him. He insists on taking over all of Miss Havishams business interests. Little does she know that her fianci e and her estranged half brother have been plotting together to ruin Miss Havisham. It is at twenty minutes to nine on her wedding day that Miss Havisham discovers her fianci e is an evil trickster and that the wedding is off. Victorian women were expected to be hard working around the house and to have and respect a husband. Women were also expected to have children. Additionally, Victorian women would not have been expected to have control over business affairs. So it seems that on all these issues Miss Havisham has failed. She has been jilted on her wedding day, has no child but an adopted daughter, and has handed over her business affairs to her swindling fianci e. It is in chapter 22 that Dickens changes our view of Miss Havisham. Our feelings towards Miss Havisham do change somewhat. It is apparent that Miss Havisham is a victim of an evil plot where two men have betrayed her. This has been the trigger that has started her vendetta against all men. When Estella returns from London in Chapter 38, Dickens shows a different side to a usually in control Miss Havisham. When Miss Havisham is arguing with Estella, she shows characteristics of how Pip was feeling in Chapter 8, such as being helpless. Miss Havisham is now speaking in a desperate manner as she knows she is losing the power she once had in her self contained world. This shows when she turns to Pip for support and says Did I ever give her love! This also shows that she needs Pip where before she just needed him to tease. This is an example of her losing control over Estella. Furthermore Miss Havisham now interacts with others differently. For example, when she is talking with Estella, Dickens adds exclamation marks to emphasise the more desparate nature of her speech. This is in contrast to Chapter 8 where she is in complete control. Now it seems she is stressed, as she knows that she is losing Estella which is worrying her deeply. In Chapter 38, the reader may start to sympathise with Miss Havishams plight, as she is losing the only thing that she lives for, Estella. Miss Havisham is now seen as being pathetic as Dickens says She hung upon Estellas beauty, hung upon her words, hung up on her gestures This shows that she is obsessed by her and is afraid of her walking out of her already dismal life. Therefore the reader has sympathy for Miss Havisham very much in contrast to Chapter 8 Is Miss Havisham a victim of her own bitterness and anger? I do believe that Miss Havishams response to her life problems is ridiculous and out of all proportion. One should remember that she had a wealthy and privileged up bringing. However the dreadful experiences she has had have been truly harrowing. Towards the end of the novel Dickens does wish the reader to sympathise with Miss Havisham. My belief is that Miss Havisham has led a misguided and wasted life.

Got to Have a Goal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Got to Have a Goal - Assignment Example Sales and compensation are integral to modern business organizations. These aspects are ascertained to impose paramount impact on the overall performance of the businesses in the contemporary world. Thus, this assignment intends to address these two major aspects. Correspondingly, the assignment is segregated into two parts. The first part reflects upon the three major techniques of goal setting in sales and provides a case study of a company, which exemplifies best practices in establishing sales goals. Similarly, the second part of the assignment considers the discussion made about three major sales incentives along with elaborating a case study on a company, exemplifying best practices in sales incentives. It is claimed that before striving any kind of business success, it is crucial for an individual to remain much aware about what he/she is striving for. The substantial knowledge regarding the aspects for which the individual is striving enable in directing efforts towards specific directions that result in attaining the best outcomes. Correspondingly, goal setting is advocated to be vital. It is essential for every individual to understand the prominence of goal setting in pursuit of certain aspects. Same rule is identified to be relevant for sales professionals in order to gain personal and organizational success. Notably, it has been argued that there are certain specific goal setting techniques in sales that required to be followed by sales professionals for gaining greater success. Failure to incorporate appropriate goal-setting techniques is observed to cause financial loss and in certain circumstances, it may also result in job loss. Most importantly, the failure may sabotage the chances of sales professionals to succeed. Thus, it is decisive for sales professionals to apply effective goal setting techniques frequently. The three basic goal-setting techniques

Ernst and Young LLP. The annual reports of AT&T and Verizon Essay

Ernst and Young LLP. The annual reports of AT&T and Verizon - Essay Example Coincidentally, both of the companies under consideration utilize the service of a single auditing firm Ernst and Young LLP. Ernst and Young LLP prides itself in being a "global leader in assurance, tax, transaction, and advisory services (Ernst and Young 2008)" having the overall aim of extending a "positive impact on businesses and markets, as well as on society as a whole" (Ernst and Young 2008). With this commitment for excellence, it currently employs a pool of 130,000 professionals with diverse background and specialties each contributing to the success of the business organization. As an auditing firm, it maintains high standard in its undertaking and promotes overall transparency in financial reporting (Ernst and Young 2008). With the growth of financial fiascos and controversies involving huge corporations like Enron, Ernst and Young upholds its integrity in the market through its dedication to high ethical standards in its operations (Ernst and Young 2008). The annual reports of AT&T and Verizon both comprise four important financial statements each highlighting different aspects which give users of these information a thorough knowledge on their financial standing.

Zara vs HM Supply Chain | Case Study

Zara vs HM Supply Chain | Case Study In todays business environment, most of fast fashion retailers are tend to globalization that aiming achieves further growth, and it is the necessity action when the competition in domestic market is becomes fierce (Vida and Fairhurst, 1998) However, different fast fashion retailers (Zara, HM, and Benetton) have its different approach to support its international expansion ambition which will discuss in detail below. Theoretically, there are three different modes of market entry strategies were be consider internationally that included Wholly-owned subsidiary, Joint Ventures or Partnership, and Franchising (Johnson et al., 2008). In recent decade, Zara is aiming much to the international market because Zara are facing stagnant result by the heavy recession in its home country, Spain. However, Zara are tendency expended internationally through wholly-owned stores. By the beginning, Zara will open a flagship store in the major city. After obtain the experience that useful for operating locally, Zara will added the number of its own stores in adjoining areas. This pattern of market expansion is called as oil stain by Inditex. The main reason that Zara are favorite in expended internationally by wholly-owned stores is because Zara believe that the controlling a large part of supply chain which include own its own store is the only way to achieve the shortest lead time. In other words, Zara focuses on speed through control. Zara tend to have used franchising and joint venture method in the countries where this is a legal necessity and administrative barriers, otherwise, Zara will mainly focus on company-owned stores (Garcia, 2010). Similarity, HM mainly choose the wholly-owned subsidiary entry mode to expended internationally that similar as Zara doing. The chain of company-owned stores is the main distribution channel in HM, which means that it is allowing HM can tight control on every stores operation and own the right of store locations decision. The store location must be located in the prime location such as major town or cities shopping area. HM always chooses the way of investing directly in the foreign markets where is politically stable and high growth purchasing power such as European markets, Asian markets and North American (Li and Frydrychowska, 2008). However, in Middle East, because of the legal restriction, HM is impossible to operate wholly owned subsidiaries. Therefore, HM change its original entry mode and partnership with franchisee Alshaya, which is one of the biggest retailers in Middle East. That is, HM sells the clothes on wholesale and deliver them to its partner, which Alshaya stocks t hese clothes and sell them in shops. Meanwhile, HM puts everything under its control that includes store location decision, range of merchandise, arrangement inside the store and the training of the staff in order to remain the HM company concept. It is so-called franchising (Walter, 2009). Unlike the Zara and HM, most of the Benetton shops in market were not company-owned. Benetton have sold its products in 5,800 mono-brand stores that distribute throughout the world, and 95% of which are in franchising. It is not same as those of the franchising contract. There was informally franchised to shopkeepers with royalties were not requested and granted no exclusive right. Benetton was the first Italian fast fashion company that used the quasi-franchising system to retailing. That is, Benetton coordinated by its independent partners or agents who are working on commission to recruited franchisees and collected their orders. When these franchisees open several independent shops in the same urban area, it will not only produce a positive iteration effect on end consumers but also a dissuasive effect on its rivals (Garcia, 2010). Indeed, Benettons international expansion relies predominantly on its network of independent retailer, this franchising method is beneficiary Benetton more easily to enter the new markets where culture barriers and registration on wholly-owned. Besides, it is allow the Benetton can expand without investing too much of its own capital, that was good for Benetton open its success journey at the beginning that lacked of necessary capital. This system is allowing Benetton has a fast growth of sales and it is becomes the driving element of a strategy for Benettons global expansion. However, since the commission for agent is only encourages sales, there is little direct incentive to share business intelligence with Benetton or share best practices to those agents. Therefore, it may encourage the free rider problem (DocShare, 2010). After analysis three companies global expansion journey, we can found that Zara and HM are still struggling on its brand internationalization. Zara believe that controlling a large part of the chain is the only way to guarantee fastest throughput time. It may lead Zara sinking an enormous of necessary capital. Subsequently, Zara is primarily rely on company-owned store entry methods therefore it is lead to Zara bearing a big obstacles and investment risk when they enter a countries where are culture barriers, wholly-owned restrictions and managerial barriers. Doole and Lowe (2008) says that internationalization should tends to be an incremental process, which means that Zara should not to choose wholly-owned entry modes but franchise to access the countries when they are low involvement. Furthermore, Zara didnt have invested in distribution channel to support its internationalization ambitious. The Zaras centralized logistic is work well in the current number of store that majority i n Europe, but it may not able to supply more retail location into other countries (mbaNERDs, 2010). Similarity, HM also implied wholly-owned subsidiary method as its main foreign entry mode as what the Zara doing. HM didnt not follow the Uppsala model which at the beginning with no regular export activities, then export takes place via independent agent, later through a sales subsidiary (franchising or licensing), and eventually manufacturing. HM immediately implied wholly-owned store in all the countries may lead them bearing a high capital investment and failure risk when they operate its store in the unfamiliarity country. Meanwhile, international expansion by investing in retail may be partly because HM is the design-led company and it generally sells its products price at a lower price that Benetton. The high cost of design and store will due to low margin, therefore HM may wish to retain entire retail margin for itself rather than give some of it to franchisee and it may restrict its global expansion. To an even greater extent than Benetton, HM should not invest in between re tailing and design stage of the chain (Li and Frydrychowska, 2008). By comparison with Zara and HM, Benettons supply chain is most competitive in the global expansions aspect. Benettons franchising system is allow the company can enter the new market without the high necessity high cost as Zara and HM, also it is helpful the uncertainty risk when the higher physic distance (e.g. culture different, language, restrictions). Besides, Welch et al., (2007) mention that Benetton has relying on franchising model in term of four main contribution factors: captive distribution network (sell only Benetton goods), no financial commitment (franchisees use its own finance to operate shops), hastens expansion (remove the need to oversee day-to-day performance. The image and strong brand name also has the significant contribution to Benetton. It should be thanks to its marketing effort which is always provide a positive, international, world peace, and characterized by universal themes. It is not only allowing Benetton wining praise and the attention of public but also strengthen its global brand and image (Garcia, 2010). However, there is some recommendation that helpful for Benetton. Since Benetton is always focus image on brand what the Benetton should do is sufficient control through factories that it does have and the stores and franchising that it operates. With this approach, Benettons internationalizations journey can be going with greater far. Hamlet, by Shakespeare | Impact Hamlet, by Shakespeare | Impact There can be no doubt that there once lived a man called William Shakespeare, who was an English poet and playwright. Also known as the Bard of Avon, he is often deemed as the greatest writer in the English language. Not only have his plays been translated into every major language, but they have been performed more than often than those of any other playwright. One play that seems to have been the most discussed is the tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. The play is set in Denmark and it tells the story of how Prince Hamlet seeks revenge on his uncle Claudius, who has murdered the King, Hamlets father, and then married Queen Gertrude, having taken the throne of Denmark. The play explores themes of revenge, treachery, incest, as well as moral corruption. The core theme, hero-as-fool is widely found (there have been different legends like the Hamlet one in Italy, Spain, Byzantium, Scandinavia and Arabia), although it is believed it has Indo-European roots. In time, Hamlet has exercised a great influence upon the European theatre, not only because of the contemporary themes it is dealing with, but also because of the manner in which it has been written. In the nineteenth century, the majority of people were highly preoccupied about who Hamlet was, and was charging Shakespeare with having written an illogical and badly constructed work of art. The range of possible responses runs from Tolstoys famously perverse dismissal of the play as unintelligible (Tolstoy, 1937), to the most far-reaching claims for its insight into the Nature of Cosmos. (Collins, 1994, p. 1079) What is common in todays beliefs is the theatrical vision. Hamlet is not about morality or philosophy, but about theatre, pure theatre, with words and sceneries. And it is ageless theatre. You can now play Hamlet with the same intensity as 300 years ago and people will not feel as if it is old-fashioned. Although written in the Middle Ages, it speaks about issues that remained very important even in our century. Politics is even now a very controversial and highly disputed subject, a common matter in our everyday lives. And there is at least one version of Hamlet focusing on this matter. Another example would be the moralist Hamlet, who cannot define the idea of right and wrong. Isnt this what we everyday wonder about? What is right and what is wrong? Who can tell where the limits for these two very delicate matters are set? Do all these and the acceptance of the idea that the same themes of Hamlet are the themes on which our lives stand not make Hamlet our contemporary? Isnt it then right to accept the play on the stages of our theatres, the contemporary ones? And if we accept it, do we not have to accept the influence that it has upon more recent plays? Hamlet is one of the few theatre heroes that live even outside the text, outside the theatre (J. Kott, Shakespeare, our contemporary, 1969, p 61). Everyone knows his name, regardless of the fact that they may have never read Shakespeare or known anything about him at all. This is mostly due to the fact that between us, the people, and the play, there have been interposed not only the whole life of Hamlet, but also the dimensions of theatre. And theatre is, as Stella Adler said, the place where people come to see the truth about life and the social situation. (Stella Adler, New York Times, December 22, 1992) Hamlet cannot be performed entirely, for it would last somewhere around six hours. Scenes must be selected, the play must be shortened. This gives the actors the chance to play only one of the Hamlets in abeyance that exist in this creation: the moralist that cannot accept a clear delimitation between good and evil, the intellectual who does not manage to find the reason for actin g or the philosopher for whom the existence of the world is highly questionable. Of course, this will always mean playing less than the whole Shakesperian Hamlet but this may as well mean focusing on only one of the themes: the political one, the violence, the morality, the controversy regarding the relationship between theory and practice or maybe the one concerning the final goals and the meaning of life. What is fascinating about it is that the audience must feel every detail and understand the meaning of every single word. Thus, it is performers who must make the spectators empathise with the character is such a way as to feel and think like him. Through their mimics, intonation or movements, they must take the viewer into Hamlets world and dimension. There is a widespread question about this play, around those who have just read it: Is Hamlet mad indeed, or is he just faking it?, The answer lies in the whole idea of theatre, which, with its cumulus of actions, manages to succeed where words fail in transmitting the message. Hamlet is faking insanity, hes hid ing behind the mask of madness, fully aware of his actions, in order to achieve his goals. This can be fully discovered only after the character has finished performing. Hamlet is like a sponge. If the actor does not play it like an antiquity, it is able to absorb all the contemporanity possible (J. Kott, Shakespeare, our contemporary, 1969, p. 66). And what better example to highlight this that the fact that Hamlets situation has been nothing but imposed. He accepts it but hes against it, assuming the role but, at the same time, remaining behind the role, though he is somebody different from the role. He surpasses it and gains himself a life that changes with time and moulds according to the period during which the play is set in. In 1902, Stanislav Wyspianski, painter, decorator and dramatic author, has referred to Hamlet as Poor young man, with a book in his hands. Indeed every Hamlet is holding a book in his hands. In Cracow, at the end of the autumn of 1956, Hamlet was reading nothing but newspapers. He was shouting as loud as possible that Denmark is a prison and he was fighting for a better world. He was an idealist who only lived to take action. In 1959, in Warsaw, Hamlet had yet again been filled with doubt; the audience saw him again as a poor young man, with a book in his hands. It is now quite easy to imagine him wearing a black sweater and blue jeans. He is not reading Montaigne, but Sartre, Camus or Kafka. He studied in Paris or in Brussels or even just as the real Hamlet- in Wittenburg. He has returned to Poland for two or three years, having serious doubts about restraining the whole world to several elementary formulas. Once in a while, he frowns at the thought of the fundamental absurdity of existence. The last one, the most modern of all Hamlets, has returned to the country in a moment of tension. His fathers ghost is asking for revenge. His friends are waiting for the fight for the throne to begin. He wants to leave again but cannot. Everyone is pushing him towards politics. He has fallen into the trap and now he finds himself in a situation where he cannot do what he wishes; a situation he does not long for, but in which he found himself thrown. He searches for his inner freedom and wants to get a job. Finally, he follows the solution that has been imposed to him. He gets hired, but only for what he does and not for what he thinks. He knows that every action is designed with extreme precision, but he rejects such a limitation of his thinking, as the equality between theory and practice stands unbearable. He is starving in his inner forum. He sees life as a cause that is lost from the very beginning. He wishes he was spared the life and death game, but he obeys each a nd every one of the rules. Sometimes he thinks of himself as an existentialist, and sometimes as a rebel Marxist. Hamlet is looking for perfection. However, perfection, as culture conceives it, is not possible while the individual remains isolated. (Norton, 2001, p. 828) He must, then, carry others along with him in the quest for what seems unreachable. In doing so, performers in Europe, especially during the communism, have tried to make Hamlets mission known, not only to those who were politically oppressed, but to all those in suffer, as finally, perfection, as culture from a thorough disinterested study of human nature and human experience learns to conceive it,- is a harmonious expansion of all the powers which make the beauty and worth of human nature, and is not consistent with the over-development of any one power at the expense of the rest. (Norton, 2001, p. 828) And if all the above-mentioned facts do not show exactly how much Hamlet influenced contemporary European theatre, let us take into discussion the matter of Fortinbras. This character is barely presented to the audience, they know almost nothing about him, and still he is the one who decides the scenery of Hamlet. He only appears twice on stage: in the first act, when, in front of his army, he is heading towards the boundaries of Poland and in the last scene, when he arrives after the massacre. Despite his scarce appearances, his name is mentioned throughout the play every so often. Fortinbras is the one whose father killed Hamlets father in the duel. At some point, the viewer might lose track of the young fellow, focusing on other more imposing characters. In the prologue they find out that Fortinbras wants to attack Denmark, then he fights with the Polish, and then he is seen in Elsinore. He is the one who voices the last words of this bloody drama. But who is he? We cannot really tell; Shakespeare does not tell us that. What does he represent? Maybe, the absurdity of humankind and the world. Or, maybe, the blind faith. He might even stand for the victory of justice over all oppression. Any of these suppositions works, for it is up to the director to decide what wills this young fellow present the audience with. He could be an understudy of Hamlet, his alter-ego, as well as the heir to the throne of Denmark, the man who stopped the course of murders and revenge, the one who re-established order in Denmark. The end of the tragedy can also be put forward to interpretation. No one who wishes to settle the moral conflicts in Hamlet in a historical context, be it Renaissance or modern, can ignore the important role of Fortinbras. Hamlet is, therefore, a complex play, a genius work. The world of Hamlet is a world in which appearances sometimes deceive and sometimes speak the truth. (Wadsworth, 2004, p. 276) Not only does it display more themes, making it the direcors decision on which should the audiences focus be, whether it is the theme of politics, or the one of morality, separating good from evil, or even the subject concerning the meaning of life, but also moulds to the problems of every age or period of time. Be it the violence during a war, or peaceful thoughts which the philosophers will then turn towards the difference between good and evil or the questionable existence of life. Hamlet is a play for every century or decade and for every human being, as it deals with common issues inasmuch as it deals with subject of international concern. It is impressive indeed how Shakespeare succeeded in combining war with deception and jealousy, madness or insanity and managed to have such a great impact on the European stage, even now, a century after his age. This all turn Shakespeare into a man of great value of all times and continent, for we cannot deny the impact he has always had on the European theatre.